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Proteomics on human cerebral cavernous malformations reveals novel biomarkers in neurovascular dysfunction for the disease pathology

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, 2024

Jauhiainen S., Onyeogaziri F., Lazzaroni F., Conze L., Laakkonen J., Laham-Karam N., Laakso A., Niemelä M., Rezai Jahromi B., Magnusson P.

Disease areaApplication areaSample typeProducts
Neurology
Pathophysiology
Patient Stratification
Tissue Lysate
Olink Target 96

Olink Target 96

Abstract

Background
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a disease associated with elevated risk of focal neurological deficits, seizures, and hemorrhagic stroke. The disease has an inflammation profile and improved knowledge of CCM pathology mechanisms and exploration of candidate biomarkers will enable new non-invasive treatments.

Methods
We analyzed protein expression signature in human CCM tissue samples by using a highly specific and sensitive multiplexing technique, proximity extension assay.

Findings
Data analysis revealed CCM specific proteins involved in endothelial dysfunction/inflammatory activation, leukocyte infiltration/chemotaxis, hemostasis, extracellular matrix dysfunction, astrocyte and microglial cell activation. Biomarker expression profiles matched bleeding status, especially with higher levels of inflammatory markers and activated astrocytes in ruptured than non-ruptured samples, some of these biomarkers are secreted into blood or urine. Furthermore, analysis was also done in a spatially resolving manner by separating the lesion area from the surrounding brain tissue. Our spatial studies revealed that although appearing histologically normal, the CCM border areas had become pathological when compared to control brain tissues. Moreover, the functional relevance of CD93, ICAM-1 and MMP9, markers related to endothelial cell activation and extracellular matrix was validated by a murine pre-clinical CCM model.

Interpretation
Here we present a novel strategy for proteomics analysis on human CCMs, offering a possibility for high-throughput protein screening acquiring data on the local environment in the brain. Our data presented here describe CCM relevant brain proteins and specifically those which are secreted can serve the need of circulating CCM biomarkers to predict cavernoma’s risk of bleeding.

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