Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers for Poor Ovarian Response Detected by Follicular Fluid Olink Proteomics

Although inflammatory and immune mechanisms are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of poor ovarian response (POR), their specific functions remain unclear. This study aimed to compare inflammatory proteins in the follicular fluid of POR patients and those with normal ovarian reserve using Olink proteomics to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and their related pathways. Using the Olink Reveal platform, bioinformatics, and machine-learning models, we identified 50 DEPs. Correlation and protein–protein interaction analyses revealed relationships between key proteins, and SCG2 and TLR2 were screened as potential inflammatory biomarkers for POR. This study represents the first application of the Olink Reveal technology to profile the inflammatory proteome in the follicular fluid of women with POR, thereby providing critical insights into its pathophysiology and paving the way for novel strategies to improve the assisted reproductive outcomes.